The energy and mobility transition, digitalisation, but also strategically important areas for the European Union (EU), such as space and the military, are very material-intensive in their production. Access to raw materials is therefore crucial for the EU. Especially since a large part of the required raw materials, such as nickel, lithium, cobalt and graphite, if at all only a small percentage occurs or is mined in Europe. This is why the importance of special trade agreements and trade policy instruments is growing, which are intended to simplify access to these raw materials and ensure them in the long term. What are these agreements and what consequences do they have for resource-rich countries, the local population and our environment?
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